ft: deserialization

Cargo.lock

@@ -1240,6 +1240,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "ops",
  "pretty_env_logger",
  "rand 0.10.1",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1311,6 +1313,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9a8e94ea7f378bd32cbbd37198a4a91436180c5bb472411e48b5ec2e2124ae9e"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_core",
+ "serde_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

Cargo.toml

@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ log = "0.4.29"
 ops = "0.6.0"
 pretty_env_logger = "0.5.0"
 rand = "0.10.1"
+serde = {version = "1.0.228", features = ["derive"]}
+serde_json = "1.0.149"

scenes/failsMatBounds.json

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "camera": { 
+    "image_width": 1920,
+    "image_height": 1080,
+    "anti_alias_rate": 1,
+    "max_depth": 10,
+    "fov": 90.0,
+    "look_from": { "x": -10, "y": 5, "z": 10 },
+    "look_at": { "x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "z": -1.0 }, 
+    "vup": { "x": 0.0, "y": 1.0, "z": 0.0 }
+  },
+  "materials": [
+    { "type": "metal", "albedo": { "x": 0.2, "y": 0.4, "z": 0.8 }, "prob": 1.0, "fuzz": 0.1 }
+
+  ],
+  "objects": [
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 0, "y": 0.7, "z": -0.4 }, "radius": 0.2, "material": 1}
+  ]
+}
+
+
+

scenes/scene.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "camera": { 
+    "image_width": 1920,
+    "image_height": 1080,
+    "anti_alias_rate": 23,
+    "max_depth": 100,
+    "fov": 40.0,
+    "look_from": { "x": -10, "y": 5, "z": 10 },
+    "look_at": { "x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "z": -1.0 }, 
+    "vup": { "x": 0.0, "y": 1.0, "z": 0.0 }
+  },
+  "materials": [
+    { "type": "metal", "albedo": { "x": 0.2, "y": 0.4, "z": 0.8 }, "prob": 1.0, "fuzz": 0.1 },
+    { "type": "metal", "albedo": { "x": 0.7, "y": 0.4, "z": 0.2 }, "prob": 1.0, "fuzz": 0.1 },
+    { "type": "lambertian", "albedo": { "x": 0.8, "y": 0.8, "z": 0.0 }, "prob": 1.0 },
+    { "type": "lambertian", "albedo": { "x": 0.1, "y": 0.2, "z": 0.5 }, "prob": 1.0 },
+    { "type": "dielectric", "refraction_index": 1.5},
+    { "type": "dielectric", "refraction_index": 0.67},
+    { "type": "metal", "albedo": { "x": 0.8, "y": 0.6, "z": 0.2 }, "prob": 1.0, "fuzz": 1.0 }
+
+  ],
+  "objects": [
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 0, "y": 0.7, "z": -0.4 }, "radius": 0.2, "material": 0},
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 0.0, "y": 0.5, "z": -0.8 }, "radius": 0.1, "material": 1},
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 0.0, "y": -100.5, "z": -1.0 }, "radius": 100.0, "material": 2},
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "z": -1.2 }, "radius": 0.5, "material": 3},
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": -1, "y": 0, "z": -1 }, "radius": 0.4, "material": 5},
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 1, "y": 0, "z": -1 }, "radius": 0.5, "material": 6},
+    { "type": "sphere", "center": { "x": 20, "y": 7, "z": -15 }, "radius": 10.5, "material": 0}
+  ]
+}
+
+
+

src/camera.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use std::cmp::max;
+use std::{f32::consts::PI, sync::Arc};
 
 use log::info;
+use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::{
     objects::{hit::Hit, traits::Hittable},
@@ -8,50 +9,157 @@ use crate::{
     vec3::{Colour, Vec3},
 };
 
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Camera {
+    // output
     image_width: u32,
     image_height: u32,
+
+    // raytracing
     anti_alias_rate: u32,
     max_depth: u32,
-    center: Vec3,
     pixel00_loc: Vec3,
     pixel_delta_u: Vec3,
     pixel_delta_v: Vec3,
+
+    // camera
+    dirty: bool,
+    fov: f32,
+    look_from: Vec3,
+    look_at: Vec3,
+    vup: Vec3,
+
+    // camera helpers
+    u: Vec3,
+    v: Vec3,
+    w: Vec3,
+}
+
+// FIXME: kinda out of place in this file.
+fn deg_to_rad(deg: f32) -> f32 {
+    deg * PI / 180.
 }
 
 impl Camera {
-    pub fn new(aspect_ratio: f32, image_width: u32, anti_alias_rate: u32, max_depth: u32) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(image_width: u32, image_height: u32) -> Self {
-        let image_height = max(1, (image_width as f32 / aspect_ratio) as u32);
-
-        //camera
-        let focal_length = 1.;
-        let viewport_height = 2.;
-        let viewport_width = viewport_height * (image_width as f32 / image_height as f32);
-        let camera_center = Vec3::nil();
-
-        //viewport
-        let viewport_u = Vec3::new(viewport_width as f32, 0., 0.);
-        let viewport_v = Vec3::new(0., -viewport_height as f32, 0.);
-
-        let pixel_delta_u = viewport_u / image_width as f32;
-        let pixel_delta_v = viewport_v / image_height as f32;
-
-        let pixel00_loc =
-            camera_center - Vec3::new(0., 0., focal_length) - viewport_u / 2 - viewport_v / 2;
-
         Self {
-            image_width: image_width,
+            image_width,
-            image_height: image_height,
+            image_height,
-            anti_alias_rate: anti_alias_rate,
+            anti_alias_rate: 1,
-            max_depth: max_depth,
+            max_depth: 10,
-            center: camera_center,
+            dirty: true,
-            pixel00_loc: pixel00_loc,
+            fov: 60.,
-            pixel_delta_u: pixel_delta_u,
+            pixel00_loc: Vec3::default(),
-            pixel_delta_v: pixel_delta_v,
+            pixel_delta_u: Vec3::default(),
+            pixel_delta_v: Vec3::default(),
+            look_from: Vec3::nil(),
+            look_at: Vec3::new(0., 0., -1.),
+            vup: Vec3::new(0., 1., 0.),
+            u: Vec3::default(),
+            v: Vec3::default(),
+            w: Vec3::default(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn render<T: Hittable>(&self, hittables: &Vec<T>) {
+    pub fn new_full(
+        image_width: u32,
+        image_height: u32,
+        anti_alias_rate: u32,
+        max_depth: u32,
+        fov: f32,
+        look_from: Vec3,
+        look_at: Vec3,
+        vup: Vec3,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            image_width,
+            image_height,
+            anti_alias_rate,
+            max_depth,
+            pixel00_loc: Vec3::default(),
+            pixel_delta_u: Vec3::default(),
+            pixel_delta_v: Vec3::default(),
+            dirty: true,
+            fov,
+            look_from,
+            look_at,
+            vup,
+            u: Vec3::default(),
+            v: Vec3::default(),
+            w: Vec3::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn init(&mut self) {
+        // camera
+        let focal_length = (self.look_from - self.look_at).length();
+        let theta = deg_to_rad(self.fov);
+        let h = (theta / 2.).tan();
+        self.w = (self.look_from - self.look_at).get_unit();
+        self.u = self.vup.cross(&self.w).get_unit();
+        self.v = self.w.cross(&self.u);
+
+        // viewport
+        let viewport_height = 2. * h * focal_length;
+        let viewport_width = viewport_height * (self.image_width as f32 / self.image_height as f32);
+        let viewport_u = viewport_width * self.u;
+        let viewport_v = viewport_height * -self.v;
+
+        // variables
+        self.pixel_delta_u = viewport_u / self.image_width as f32;
+        self.pixel_delta_v = viewport_v / self.image_height as f32;
+        self.pixel00_loc =
+            self.look_from - (focal_length * self.w) - viewport_u / 2. - viewport_v / 2.;
+        self.dirty = false;
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_fov(&mut self, fov: f32) {
+        if self.fov != fov {
+            self.fov = fov;
+            self.dirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_max_depth(&mut self, depth: u32) {
+        if self.max_depth != depth {
+            self.max_depth = depth;
+            self.dirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_anti_alias_rate(&mut self, rate: u32) {
+        if self.anti_alias_rate != rate {
+            self.anti_alias_rate = rate;
+            self.dirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_look_from(&mut self, look_from: Vec3) {
+        if self.look_from != look_from {
+            self.look_from = look_from;
+            self.dirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_look_at(&mut self, look_at: Vec3) {
+        if self.look_at != look_at {
+            self.look_at = look_at;
+            self.dirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_vup(&mut self, vup: Vec3) {
+        if self.vup != vup {
+            self.vup = vup;
+            self.dirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(&mut self, hittables: &Vec<Arc<dyn Hittable>>) {
+        if self.dirty {
+            self.init()
+        }
+
         let mut imgbuf = image::ImageBuffer::new(self.image_width, self.image_height);
 
         // render
@@ -61,14 +169,14 @@ impl Camera {
                 let pixel_tl =
                     self.pixel00_loc + (i * self.pixel_delta_u) + (j * self.pixel_delta_v);
 
-                let mut pixel_colour = Colour::nil();
+                let mut pixel_colour = Colour::default();
                 for y in 1..(self.anti_alias_rate + 1) {
                     for x in 1..(self.anti_alias_rate + 1) {
                         let pixel_loc = pixel_tl
                             + (x * self.pixel_delta_u / (self.anti_alias_rate + 1) as f32)
                             + (y * self.pixel_delta_v / (self.anti_alias_rate + 1) as f32);
-                        let ray_dir = pixel_loc - self.center;
+                        let ray_dir = pixel_loc - self.look_from;
-                        let r = Ray::new(self.center, ray_dir);
+                        let r = Ray::new(self.look_from, ray_dir);
                         pixel_colour += self.ray_colour(&hittables, &r, self.max_depth);
                     }
                 }
@@ -83,9 +191,9 @@ impl Camera {
         imgbuf.save("output.png").unwrap();
     }
 
-    fn ray_colour<T: Hittable>(&self, hittables: &Vec<T>, r: &Ray, depth: u32) -> Colour {
+    fn ray_colour(&self, hittables: &Vec<Arc<dyn Hittable>>, r: &Ray, depth: u32) -> Colour {
         if depth <= 0 {
-            return Colour::nil();
+            return Colour::default();
         }
 
         let closest = Hit::hit_list(hittables, r);
@@ -93,7 +201,7 @@ impl Camera {
             if let Some((scattered, att)) = hit.mat().scatter(&hit, r) {
                 return att * self.ray_colour(hittables, &scattered, depth - 1);
             }
-            return Colour::nil();
+            return Colour::default();
         }
 
         // background

src/main.rs

@@ -3,36 +3,110 @@
 mod camera;
 mod objects;
 mod ray;
+mod scenes;
 mod vec3;
 
+use std::fs;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::camera::Camera;
 use crate::objects::materials::dielectric::Dielectric;
 use crate::objects::materials::lambertian::{Lambertian, Metal};
+use crate::objects::materials::traits::Material;
 use crate::objects::sphere::Sphere;
+use crate::objects::traits::Hittable;
 use crate::ray::Ray;
+use crate::scenes::scene::Scene;
 use crate::vec3::Vec3;
 use dotenv::dotenv;
+use log::info;
 use pretty_env_logger;
+use rand::seq::IndexedRandom;
+use rand::RngExt;
 
+fn random_material() -> Arc<dyn Material> {
+    let mut rng = rand::rng();
+    let col = Vec3::new(rng.random(), rng.random(), rng.random());
+    match rng.random_range(0..3) {
+        0 => Arc::new(Lambertian::new(col, 1.)),
+        1 => Arc::new(Metal::new(col, 1., rng.random())),
+        2 => Arc::new(Dielectric::new(rng.random_range(0.3..1.9))),
+        _ => Arc::new(Metal::new(col, 0., rng.random())),
+    }
+}
+
+fn random_sphere_on_floor<T: Hittable>(
+    materials: &Vec<Arc<dyn Material>>,
+    existing: &Vec<T>,
+    max_size: f32,
+) -> Sphere {
+    let mut rng = rand::rng();
+    let r = rng.random_range(0.1..max_size);
+    let mut sphere = Sphere::xyz(
+        rng.random_range((-50.)..50.),
+        rng.random_range(0.1..max_size),
+        rng.random_range((-50.)..50.),
+        r,
+        materials.choose(&mut rng).unwrap().clone(),
+    );
+
+    let mut isct = true;
+    let mut attempts_left = 49;
+    while isct && attempts_left > 0 {
+        isct = false;
+        for h in existing {
+            if h.inside(&h.closest_on_surface(sphere.center())) {
+                info!("Generating sphere failed, {} attempts left", attempts_left);
+                isct = true;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        if isct {
+            sphere.set_center(Vec3::new(
+                rng.random_range(0.5..100.),
+                r,
+                rng.random_range(0.5..100.),
+            ));
+        }
+        attempts_left -= 1;
+    }
+    sphere
+}
+
+// TODO: implement scene serialization
 fn main() {
     dotenv().ok();
     pretty_env_logger::init();
 
-    // setup objects
+    // TODO: use cli arg for scenefile
-    let metal = Arc::new(Metal::rgb(0.7, 0.4, 0.2, 1., 0.1));
+    let json_file = "./scenes/scenes.json";
-    let ground = Arc::new(Lambertian::rgb(0.8, 0.8, 0., 1.0));
+    // let json_file = "./scenes/failsMatBounds.json";
-    let center = Arc::new(Lambertian::rgb(0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.));
+    let json_str = fs::read_to_string(json_file).expect("Reading specified scene file failed!");
-    let left = Arc::new(Dielectric::new(1.5));
+    let mut scene: Scene = serde_json::from_str(&json_str).unwrap();
-    let right = Arc::new(Metal::rgb(0.8, 0.6, 0.2, 1., 1.0));
+    scene.render();
 
-    let mut world = vec![Sphere::xyz(0., 0.5, -0.8, 0.1, metal.clone())];
+    // random spheres code; thought: make this available as cli flag?
-    world.push(Sphere::xyz(0., -100.5, -1., 100., ground.clone()));
+    // let mut materials: Vec<Arc<dyn Material>> = vec![Arc::new(Lambertian::rgb(0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.8))];
-    world.push(Sphere::xyz(0., 0., -1.2, 0.5, center.clone()));
+    // for i in 0..15 {
-    world.push(Sphere::xyz(-1., 0., -1.0, 0.5, left.clone()));
+    //     info!("Generating {}th material.", i + 1);
-    world.push(Sphere::xyz(1., 0., -1.0, 0.5, right.clone()));
+    //     materials.push(random_material());
-
+    // }
-    let c = Camera::new(16. / 9., 800, 2, 50);
+    //
-    c.render(&world);
+    // let mut world = vec![Sphere::xyz(0., -1000.5, -1., 1000., materials[0].clone())];
+    // for i in 0..40 {
+    //     info!("Generating {}th sphere.", i + 1);
+    //     world.push(random_sphere_on_floor(
+    //         &materials,
+    //         &world,
+    //         ((i + 1) as f32).ln() + (15. as f32).log(10.),
+    //     ));
+    // }
+    //
+    // // let mut c = Camera::new(400, 300);
+    // let mut c = Camera::new(1920, 1080);
+    // c.set_fov(60.);
+    // c.set_anti_alias_rate(1);
+    // c.set_max_depth(10);
+    // c.set_look_from(Vec3::new(-60., 10., 1.));
+    // c.set_look_at(Vec3::new(0., 0., 0.));
+    // c.render(&world);
 }

src/objects/hit.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl Hit {
         self.front_face
     }
 
-    pub fn hit_list<T: Hittable>(hittables: &Vec<T>, r: &Ray) -> Option<Hit> {
+    pub fn hit_list(hittables: &Vec<Arc<dyn Hittable>>, r: &Ray) -> Option<Hit> {
         let mut closest: Option<Hit> = None;
         for hittable in hittables {
             if let Some(hit) = hittable.hit(r) {

src/objects/materials/dielectric.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
+use core::f32::math::sqrt;
+
+use rand::RngExt;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
 use crate::{
     objects::{hit::Hit, materials::traits::Material},
     ray::Ray,
-    vec3::Colour,
+    vec3::{Colour, Vec3},
 };
 
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Dielectric {
     refraction_index: f32,
 }
@@ -14,6 +20,13 @@ impl Dielectric {
             refraction_index: refraction_index,
         }
     }
+
+    fn _reflectance(cos: f32, refraction_index: f32) -> f32 {
+        // Shlick's approximation
+        let mut r0 = (1. - refraction_index) / (1. + refraction_index);
+        r0 *= r0;
+        return r0 + (1. - r0) * (1. - cos).powf(5.);
+    }
 }
 
 impl Material for Dielectric {
@@ -24,7 +37,21 @@ impl Material for Dielectric {
             self.refraction_index
         };
         let unit = ray.dir().get_unit();
-        let refr = unit.refract(&hit.n().get_unit(), ri);
+        let cos_theta = if -unit.dot(hit.n()) > 1. {
-        Some((Ray::new(*hit.p(), refr), Colour::new(1., 1., 1.)))
+            1.
+        } else {
+            -unit.dot(hit.n())
+        };
+        let sin_theta = sqrt(1. - cos_theta * cos_theta);
+        let cannot_refract = ri * sin_theta > 1.;
+
+        let dir: Vec3;
+        let mut rng = rand::rng();
+        if cannot_refract || Dielectric::_reflectance(cos_theta, ri) > rng.random::<f32>() {
+            dir = unit.reflect(hit.n());
+        } else {
+            dir = unit.refract(hit.n(), ri);
+        }
+        Some((Ray::new(*hit.p(), dir), Colour::new(1., 1., 1.)))
     }
 }

src/objects/materials/lambertian.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use rand::RngExt;
+use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use crate::{
     objects::{hit::Hit, materials::traits::Material},
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     vec3::{Colour, Vec3},
 };
 
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Lambertian {
     albedo: Colour,
     prob: f32,
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ impl Material for Lambertian {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Metal {
     albedo: Colour,
     prob: f32,

src/objects/materials/traits.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{objects::hit::Hit, ray::Ray, vec3::Colour};
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 
-pub trait Material {
+pub trait Material: Debug {
     fn scatter(&self, hit: &Hit, ray: &Ray) -> Option<(Ray, Colour)>;
 }

src/objects/sphere.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use core::f32::math::sqrt;
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
 use crate::objects::hit::Hit;
 use crate::objects::materials::traits::Material;
 use crate::objects::traits::Hittable;
@@ -13,6 +16,16 @@ pub struct Sphere {
     material: Arc<dyn Material>,
 }
 
+impl Debug for Sphere {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("Sphere")
+            .field("center", &self.center)
+            .field("radius", &self.radius)
+            .field("material", &self.material)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Sphere {
     pub fn new(center: Vec3, r: f32, mat: Arc<dyn Material>) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -29,6 +42,16 @@ impl Sphere {
             material: mat,
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn center(&self) -> &Vec3 {
+        &self.center
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_center(&mut self, center: Vec3) {
+        if self.center != center {
+            self.center = center;
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Hittable for Sphere {
@@ -60,4 +83,12 @@ impl Hittable for Sphere {
     fn normal_at(&self, p: &Vec3) -> Vec3 {
         (*p - self.center).get_unit()
     }
+
+    fn inside(&self, p: &Vec3) -> bool {
+        (*p - self.center).length() < self.radius
+    }
+
+    fn closest_on_surface(&self, p: &Vec3) -> Vec3 {
+        self.normal_at(p) * self.radius
+    }
 }

src/objects/traits.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
+use std::fmt::Debug;
+
 use crate::objects::hit::Hit;
 use crate::Ray;
 use crate::Vec3;
 
-pub trait Hittable {
+pub trait Hittable: Debug {
     fn hit(&self, r: &Ray) -> Option<Hit>;
     fn normal_at(&self, p: &Vec3) -> Vec3;
+    // fn intersect<H: Hittable>(&self, o: &H) -> bool;
+    fn inside(&self, p: &Vec3) -> bool;
+    fn closest_on_surface(&self, p: &Vec3) -> Vec3;
 }

src/scenes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod raw_camera;
+pub mod scene;

src/scenes/raw_camera.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::{camera::Camera, vec3::Vec3};
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+pub struct RawCamera {
+    // output
+    image_width: u32, // TODO: test these are now explicitly required (and that default impl does
+    // not make these optional)
+    image_height: u32,
+
+    // raytracing
+    #[serde(default)]
+    anti_alias_rate: u32,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    max_depth: u32,
+
+    // camera
+    #[serde(default)]
+    fov: f32,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    look_from: Vec3,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    look_at: Vec3,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    vup: Vec3,
+}
+
+impl Default for RawCamera {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            image_width: 400,
+            image_height: 300,
+            anti_alias_rate: 1,
+            max_depth: 10,
+            fov: 70.,
+            look_from: Vec3::new(0., 0., 0.),
+            look_at: Vec3::new(0., 0., -1.),
+            vup: Vec3::new(0., 1., 0.),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<RawCamera> for Camera {
+    fn from(raw: RawCamera) -> Self {
+        Camera::new_full(
+            raw.image_width,
+            raw.image_height,
+            raw.anti_alias_rate,
+            raw.max_depth,
+            raw.fov,
+            raw.look_from,
+            raw.look_at,
+            raw.vup,
+        )
+    }
+}

src/scenes/scene.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use log::warn;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+use crate::{
+    camera::Camera,
+    objects::{
+        materials::{
+            dielectric::Dielectric,
+            lambertian::{Lambertian, Metal},
+            traits::Material,
+        },
+        sphere::Sphere,
+        traits::Hittable,
+    },
+    scenes::raw_camera::RawCamera,
+    vec3::Vec3,
+};
+
+pub struct Scene {
+    pub camera: Camera,
+    pub materials: Vec<Arc<dyn Material>>,
+    pub objects: Vec<Arc<dyn Hittable>>,
+}
+
+impl Scene {
+    pub fn render(&mut self) {
+        self.camera.render(&self.objects);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct SceneDef {
+    pub camera: RawCamera,
+    pub materials: Vec<MaterialDef>,
+    pub objects: Vec<HittableDef>,
+}
+
+impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Scene {
+    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
+    where
+        D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+    {
+        let conc = SceneDef::deserialize(deserializer)?;
+        let mats: Vec<Arc<dyn Material>> = conc
+            .materials
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(MaterialDef::into_arc)
+            .collect();
+        let objs: Vec<Arc<dyn Hittable>> = conc
+            .objects
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|h| h.into_arc(&mats))
+            .collect();
+        Ok(Self {
+            camera: Camera::from(conc.camera),
+            materials: mats,
+            objects: objs,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct RawSphere {
+    pub center: Vec3,
+    pub radius: f32,
+    pub material: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "lowercase")]
+enum HittableDef {
+    Sphere(RawSphere),
+}
+
+impl HittableDef {
+    fn into_arc(self, materials: &Vec<Arc<dyn Material>>) -> Option<Arc<dyn Hittable>> {
+        // THOUGHT: i think this can be done better; in the map/filter call up there?
+        match self {
+            HittableDef::Sphere(s) => {
+                if s.material as usize >= materials.len() {
+                    warn!(
+                        "Sphere specified nonexistent material {}; skipping...",
+                        s.material
+                    );
+                    return None;
+                }
+                Some(Arc::new(Sphere::new(
+                    s.center,
+                    s.radius,
+                    materials.get(s.material as usize).unwrap().clone(),
+                )))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(tag = "type", rename_all = "lowercase")]
+enum MaterialDef {
+    Lambertian(Lambertian),
+    Metal(Metal),
+    Dielectric(Dielectric),
+}
+
+impl MaterialDef {
+    fn into_arc(self) -> Arc<dyn Material> {
+        match self {
+            MaterialDef::Lambertian(l) => Arc::new(l),
+            MaterialDef::Metal(m) => Arc::new(m),
+            MaterialDef::Dielectric(d) => Arc::new(d),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/vec3.rs

@@ -1,39 +1,40 @@
 use core::f32::math::sqrt;
 use is_close::default;
 use rand::RngExt;
+use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::{
     fmt::Display,
     ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign},
 };
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Vec3 {
-    r: f32,
+    x: f32,
-    g: f32,
+    y: f32,
-    b: f32,
+    z: f32,
 }
 
 pub type Colour = Vec3;
 
 impl Vec3 {
     pub fn new(r: f32, g: f32, b: f32) -> Self {
-        Self { r: r, g: g, b: b }
+        Self { x: r, y: g, z: b }
     }
 
     pub fn nil() -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: 0.,
+            x: 0.,
-            g: 0.,
+            y: 0.,
-            b: 0.,
+            z: 0.,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn random() -> Self {
         let mut rng = rand::rng();
         Self {
-            r: rng.random_range(-1.0..1.),
+            x: rng.random_range(-1.0..1.),
-            g: rng.random_range(-1.0..1.),
+            y: rng.random_range(-1.0..1.),
-            b: rng.random_range(-1.0..1.),
+            z: rng.random_range(-1.0..1.),
         }
     }
 
@@ -56,15 +57,15 @@ impl Vec3 {
     }
 
     pub fn x(&self) -> &f32 {
-        &self.r
+        &self.x
     }
 
     pub fn y(&self) -> &f32 {
-        &self.g
+        &self.y
     }
 
     pub fn z(&self) -> &f32 {
-        &self.b
+        &self.z
     }
 
     pub fn length(&self) -> f32 {
@@ -72,18 +73,18 @@ impl Vec3 {
     }
 
     pub fn length_squared(&self) -> f32 {
-        (self.r * self.r + self.g * self.g + self.b * self.b) as f32
+        (self.x * self.x + self.y * self.y + self.z * self.z) as f32
     }
 
     pub fn dot(&self, other: &Self) -> f32 {
-        self.r * other.r + self.g * other.g + self.b * other.b
+        self.x * other.x + self.y * other.y + self.z * other.z
     }
 
     pub fn cross(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.g * other.b - self.b * other.g,
+            x: self.y * other.z - self.z * other.y,
-            g: self.b * other.r - self.r * other.b,
+            y: self.z * other.x - self.x * other.z,
-            b: self.r * other.g - self.g * other.r,
+            z: self.x * other.y - self.y * other.x,
         }
     }
 
@@ -96,9 +97,9 @@ impl Vec3 {
     }
 
     pub fn near_zero(&self) -> bool {
-        default().is_close(self.r, 0.)
+        default().is_close(self.x, 0.)
-            && default().is_close(self.g, 0.)
+            && default().is_close(self.y, 0.)
-            && default().is_close(self.b, 0.)
+            && default().is_close(self.z, 0.)
     }
 
     pub fn reflect(&self, n: &Self) -> Self {
@@ -117,18 +118,18 @@ impl Vec3 {
 
     pub fn output(self) -> image::Rgb<u8> {
         // gamma correction
-        let r = if self.r > 0. {
+        let r = if self.x > 0. {
-            sqrt(self.r).clamp(0., 1.)
+            sqrt(self.x).clamp(0., 1.)
         } else {
             0.
         };
-        let g = if self.g > 0. {
+        let g = if self.y > 0. {
-            sqrt(self.g).clamp(0., 1.)
+            sqrt(self.y).clamp(0., 1.)
         } else {
             0.
         };
-        let b = if self.b > 0. {
+        let b = if self.z > 0. {
-            sqrt(self.b).clamp(0.1, 1.)
+            sqrt(self.z).clamp(0.1, 1.)
         } else {
             0.
         };
@@ -142,9 +143,19 @@ impl Vec3 {
 
     pub fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.r,
+            x: self.x,
-            g: self.g,
+            y: self.y,
-            b: self.b,
+            z: self.z,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Vec3 {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            x: 0.,
+            y: 0.,
+            z: 0.,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -162,9 +173,9 @@ impl Neg for Vec3 {
 
     fn neg(self) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
-            r: -self.r,
+            x: -self.x,
-            g: -self.g,
+            y: -self.y,
-            b: -self.b,
+            z: -self.z,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -174,9 +185,9 @@ impl Add<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 
     fn add(self, _rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.r + _rhs.r,
+            x: self.x + _rhs.x,
-            g: self.g + _rhs.g,
+            y: self.y + _rhs.y,
-            b: self.b + _rhs.b,
+            z: self.z + _rhs.z,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -186,9 +197,9 @@ impl Add<f32> for Vec3 {
 
     fn add(self, f: f32) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.r + f,
+            x: self.x + f,
-            g: self.g + f,
+            y: self.y + f,
-            b: self.b + f,
+            z: self.z + f,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -196,9 +207,9 @@ impl Add<f32> for Vec3 {
 impl AddAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
     fn add_assign(&mut self, other: Self) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r + other.r,
+            x: self.x + other.x,
-            g: self.g + other.g,
+            y: self.y + other.y,
-            b: self.b + other.b,
+            z: self.z + other.z,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -206,9 +217,9 @@ impl AddAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 impl AddAssign<f32> for Vec3 {
     fn add_assign(&mut self, f: f32) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r + f,
+            x: self.x + f,
-            g: self.g + f,
+            y: self.y + f,
-            b: self.b + f,
+            z: self.z + f,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -217,9 +228,9 @@ impl Sub<&Vec3> for Vec3 {
 
     fn sub(self, rhs: &Self) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.r - rhs.r,
+            x: self.x - rhs.x,
-            g: self.g - rhs.g,
+            y: self.y - rhs.y,
-            b: self.b - rhs.b,
+            z: self.z - rhs.z,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -229,9 +240,9 @@ impl Sub<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 
     fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.r - rhs.r,
+            x: self.x - rhs.x,
-            g: self.g - rhs.g,
+            y: self.y - rhs.y,
-            b: self.b - rhs.b,
+            z: self.z - rhs.z,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -241,9 +252,9 @@ impl Sub<f32> for Vec3 {
 
     fn sub(self, f: f32) -> Self {
         Self {
-            r: self.r - f,
+            x: self.x - f,
-            g: self.g - f,
+            y: self.y - f,
-            b: self.b - f,
+            z: self.z - f,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -251,9 +262,9 @@ impl Sub<f32> for Vec3 {
 impl SubAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
     fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r - rhs.r,
+            x: self.x - rhs.x,
-            g: self.g - rhs.g,
+            y: self.y - rhs.y,
-            b: self.b - rhs.b,
+            z: self.z - rhs.z,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -261,9 +272,9 @@ impl SubAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 impl SubAssign<f32> for Vec3 {
     fn sub_assign(&mut self, f: f32) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r - f,
+            x: self.x - f,
-            g: self.g - f,
+            y: self.y - f,
-            b: self.b - f,
+            z: self.z - f,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -273,9 +284,9 @@ impl Mul<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 
     fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
-            r: self.r * rhs.r,
+            x: self.x * rhs.x,
-            g: self.g * rhs.g,
+            y: self.y * rhs.y,
-            b: self.b * rhs.b,
+            z: self.z * rhs.z,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -286,9 +297,9 @@ impl Mul<Vec3> for u32 {
     fn mul(self, rhs: Vec3) -> Self::Output {
         let f = self as f32;
         Vec3 {
-            r: rhs.r * f,
+            x: rhs.x * f,
-            g: rhs.g * f,
+            y: rhs.y * f,
-            b: rhs.b * f,
+            z: rhs.z * f,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -298,9 +309,9 @@ impl Mul<f32> for Vec3 {
 
     fn mul(self, f: f32) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
-            r: self.r * f,
+            x: self.x * f,
-            g: self.g * f,
+            y: self.y * f,
-            b: self.b * f,
+            z: self.z * f,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -310,9 +321,9 @@ impl Mul<Vec3> for f32 {
 
     fn mul(self, rhs: Vec3) -> Self::Output {
         Vec3 {
-            r: rhs.r * self,
+            x: rhs.x * self,
-            g: rhs.g * self,
+            y: rhs.y * self,
-            b: rhs.b * self,
+            z: rhs.z * self,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -322,9 +333,9 @@ impl Mul<&Vec3> for f32 {
 
     fn mul(self, rhs: &Vec3) -> Self::Output {
         Vec3 {
-            r: rhs.r * self,
+            x: rhs.x * self,
-            g: rhs.g * self,
+            y: rhs.y * self,
-            b: rhs.b * self,
+            z: rhs.z * self,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -332,9 +343,9 @@ impl Mul<&Vec3> for f32 {
 impl MulAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
     fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r * rhs.r,
+            x: self.x * rhs.x,
-            g: self.g * rhs.g,
+            y: self.y * rhs.y,
-            b: self.b * rhs.b,
+            z: self.z * rhs.z,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -342,9 +353,9 @@ impl MulAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 impl MulAssign<f32> for Vec3 {
     fn mul_assign(&mut self, f: f32) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r * f,
+            x: self.x * f,
-            g: self.g * f,
+            y: self.y * f,
-            b: self.b * f,
+            z: self.z * f,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -354,9 +365,9 @@ impl Div<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 
     fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
-            r: self.r / rhs.r,
+            x: self.x / rhs.x,
-            g: self.g / rhs.g,
+            y: self.y / rhs.y,
-            b: self.b / rhs.b,
+            z: self.z / rhs.z,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -366,9 +377,9 @@ impl Div<i32> for Vec3 {
     fn div(self, i: i32) -> Self::Output {
         let f: f32 = i as f32;
         Self {
-            r: self.r / f,
+            x: self.x / f,
-            g: self.g / f,
+            y: self.y / f,
-            b: self.b / f,
+            z: self.z / f,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -378,9 +389,9 @@ impl Div<f32> for Vec3 {
 
     fn div(self, f: f32) -> Self::Output {
         Self {
-            r: self.r / f,
+            x: self.x / f,
-            g: self.g / f,
+            y: self.y / f,
-            b: self.b / f,
+            z: self.z / f,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -388,9 +399,9 @@ impl Div<f32> for Vec3 {
 impl DivAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
     fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r / rhs.r,
+            x: self.x / rhs.x,
-            g: self.g / rhs.g,
+            y: self.y / rhs.y,
-            b: self.b / rhs.b,
+            z: self.z / rhs.z,
         };
     }
 }
@@ -398,21 +409,21 @@ impl DivAssign<Vec3> for Vec3 {
 impl DivAssign<f32> for Vec3 {
     fn div_assign(&mut self, f: f32) {
         *self = Self {
-            r: self.r / f,
+            x: self.x / f,
-            g: self.g / f,
+            y: self.y / f,
-            b: self.b / f,
+            z: self.z / f,
         };
     }
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for Vec3 {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.r == other.r && self.g == other.g && self.b == other.b
+        self.x == other.x && self.y == other.y && self.z == other.z
     }
 }
 
 impl Display for Vec3 {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "({}, {}, {})", self.r, self.g, self.b)
+        write!(f, "({}, {}, {})", self.x, self.y, self.z)
     }
 }